The People Capability
Maturity Model® (People CMM®) is a proven set of human capital man-
agement practices
that provide a roadmap for cont
inuously improving
the capability of an organization’s workforce.
The People CMM refers to these practices asworkforce practices
. Since an organization
cannot implement all of the best workforce practices in an afternoon, the
People CMM introduces them
in stages. Each progressive level of the People CMM produces a unique transformation in the
organization’s culture by equipping it with more powerful practices for at-
tracting, developing,
organizing, motivating, and retaining its workforce. Thus, the People CMM establishes
an integrated system of workforce practices that matures through increasing
alignment
with the
organization’s business objectives, performance, and changing needs.
The People CMM was
first published in 1995 [Curtis 95] and updated in 2001 [Curtis 02]. This
Second Edition
updates informative material within the model, and provides new information re-
garding the global
use of the People CMM. Since its first release in 1995, the People CMM has
successfully guided
workforce improvement programs in many industries and geographies glob-
ally. The People CMM
book has been in print in the US and elsewhere since its release in 2001.
Although the People
CMM has been designed primarily for application in knowledge-intense or-
ganizations, with
appropriate tailoring it can be applied in almost any organizational setting.
Ad-
ditional information
about application of the People CMM will be found in Chapters 7 and 8.
The People CMM’s
primary objective is to improve the capability of the workforce. Workforce
capability can be
defined as the level of knowledge, skills, and process abilities available for
per-
forming an
organization’s business activities. Workforce capability indicates an
organization’s
readiness for
performing its critical business activities,
•likely results from
performing these business activities, and
•potential for
benefiting from investments in process improvement or advanced technology.
In order to measure
and improve capability, the workforce in most organizations must be divided
into its constituent
workforce competencies. Eachworkforce competency represents a unique in-
tegration of
knowledge, skills, and process abilities acquired through specialized education
or
work experience.
Strategically, an organization wants to design its workforce to include the
vari-
ous workforce
competencies required to perform the business activities underlying its core
com-
petencies [Prahalad
90]. Each of these workforce competencies can be characterized by its capa-
bility—the profile of
knowledge, skills, and process abilities available to the organization in that
competency. The
People CMM describes an evolutionary improvement path from ad hoc,
inconsistently per-formed workforce practices, to a mature infrastructure of
practices for continuously elevating
workforce capability. The philosophy
implicit in the People CMM can be summarized in the ten principles
1.In mature organizations, workforce
capability isdirectly related to business performance.
2 Workforce capability is a
competitive issue and a source of strategic advantage.
3 Workforce capability must be
defined in relation to the organization’s strategic business objectives.
4 Knowledge-intense work shifts the
focus fromjob elements to workforce competencies.
5 Capability can be measured and
improved at multiple levels of the organization, including individuals, workgroups,
workforce competencies, and the organization.
6 An organization should invest in
improving the capability of those workforce competencies that are criti-cal to
its core competency as a business.
7 Operational management is
responsible for the capability of the workforce.
8 The improvement of workforce
capability can be pursued as a process composed from proven practices
and procedures.
9 The organization is responsible
for providing improvement opportunities, and individuals are responsible for
taking advantage of them.
10 Because technologies and organizational
forms evolve rapidly, organizations must continually evolve their workforce
practices and develop new workforce competencies.